1.
-He must have done it- musiał chyba to zrobić
-He can’t have done it- niemożliwe, żeby to zrobił
-He may have done it- możliwe, żeby to zrobił
- He must have been- musiał być
2.
–He could/could’t have done it- mogł był to zrobić, ale nie zrobił/ zrobił
-He might have done it- mógł był to zrobić
-He should/shouldn’t have done it- powinien to zrobić
-He ought to have done it- powinien to zrobić
3.
-He needn’t have done it- niepotrzebnie to zrobił
-He didn’t need to do it- nie potrzebował tego zrobić (i nie zrobił)
Przeczenie
must ↔ needn’t
Simple Present | Can Am/is/are►able to | Must► Have to Has to | May Am/is/are ►allowed to |
|---|---|---|---|
Present Continuous | - | - | - |
Simple Past | Could Was/were►able to | Had to | might |
Past Continuous | - | - | - |
Present Perfect | Have/has►been able to | Have/has had to | Have/has► been allowed |
Present Perfect Continuous | - | - | - |
Past Perfect | had been able to | Had had to | had Been allowed to |
Past Perfect Continuous | - | - | - |
Simple Future | will be able to | Will have to | wil be allowed to |
Future Perfect | would be able to | Would have to | would be allowed to |
Future in the past | will have been able to | Will have had to | will have been allowed to |
MAY- możliwe, prawdopodobne
SHOULD- ktoś jest zobowiązany do zrobienia czegoś, powinność
CAN/MUST- gdy ktoś jest pewny (I’m sure)
MUST- przekonanie o czymś (I’m convinenced)
Ćwiczenie:
You (nie powinieneś przeszkadzać DISTURB) your father
You shouldn’t have disturbed Yours father
That bridge (chyba był zbudowany BUILD) in the 16 century
They (może musieli wziąć udział TAKE PART) in the symposium last week
Jane (niepotrzebnie wysłała SEND) a telegram to Dr. Smart
They (mogli byli zamknąć CLOSE) the window, but they wanted to have some fresh air
She (niemożliwe, żeby zostawiła LEAVE) her bag in the garden
They (mogli grali PLAY) tennis this time yesterday
You (powienieś był powiedzieć TELL) Kste about your adventure
He (musiał się spóźnić MISS) the 9 o’clock train
Mrs Bingley (niemożliwe, żeby znała KNOW) the Royal Family
He (może czyta READ) a book at the moment
That bridge (powino się zbudować BUILD) at last 10 year ago
Mary (mogła była zwiedzić VISIT) the British Museum with John, but she prefered to take a walk along Oxford Street
Miss Allan (niepotrzebnie powiedziała TELL) Mr Smith about her plans
They (powini odzwiedzić VISIT) Mr Green while in Liverpool
(They (może widzieli SEE) that play in London
Miss Smith (niemożliwe, żeby była BE) in Wales last summer
Dr Bennett (chyba musi wykładać LECTURE) at Cambridge University for over 15 years now
Ćwiczenie
You (not, must) go there if you don’t want
The teacher (must) prepare some new tests lately
My children (must) do their homework before theu could watch TV
He (nie może) go to London for the last 2 years
I'm sorry - I(....) to tell you I was coming.
A phoned you
B ought to have phoned you
C should phone you
D ought to phone you
She (....) to the party, but she was too tired.
A could have gone
B has gone
C could go
D will go
I can't see him. He (....) home long ago.
A has to go
B must go
C must have gone
D might go
It was very kind of you but you (....) such an expensive present.
A needn't have bought
B needn't buy
C don’t need to buy
D hadn't needed to buy
You are lazy! This job (....) hours ago.
A could be finished
B should finish
C must have finished
D ought to have been finished
You (....) come so early; the meeting won't begin for another hour.
A hadn't to
B needn't have
C oughtn't have
D might not have
Tom (....) at home when I called. I saw his shadow in the window.
A must have been
B had to be
C had been
D must be
Where is Tom?' 'I'm. not sure but he (....) to the pub'.
A may go
B needn't go
C could go
D may have gone
